The Gap between Knowledge and Policy
نویسنده
چکیده
The "gap" between knowledge and political action has long been a topic of discussion for social scientists. Depending upon the theoretical perspective adopted, it has been associated with a conflict of norms and values between scientific and political institutions, with different organizational forms underlying bureaucratic and professional patterns of activity, or with the difference between "power" as characteristic of political systems and "knowledge" as characteristic of science. The work of these as well as other authors implies that the difficulties of establishing smooth relationships between the political and the scientific field derive from the different organizing principles of the subsystems involved. The most recent attempts to specify some of these principles are by Luhmann and Bourdieu. Accordingly, Luhmann conceives of the scientific system as governed by the control mechanism (Steuenmgsmedium) of "truth" as opposed to the mechanisms of "power" and "money" ascribed to the
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